The physiological and biochemical responses of Camellia oleifera to low phosphorus stress were investigated in this study, and the different phosphorus concentrations of the treatments were conducted by using a single factor experiment with water culture in the greenhouse. Results showed that the activity of APA in leaves tissues and those secreted by the roots all increased under P deficiency, which respectively increased by 16.49% - 86.47% and 28.7% - 58.7% compared with those of the control. The increase of APA may be an active adaptive response of Camellia oleifera to low phosphorus stress.Under the situation of low phosphorus stress, the concentrations of soluble sugar and free proline increased whereas the soluble protein decreased,those showed that normal protein synthesis and carbohydrate metabolism were blocked under the situation of low phosphorus stress; Moreover, the homeostasis established by the increase of MDA concent and protective enzyme (SOD) activity in leaves was the mechanism of the adaptive response for Camellia oleifera to low phosphorus stress.